Commercial Mushroom farming has started recently in India, and its popularity is growing day by day and it has become an export oriented business. Mushroom is an excellent source of Protein, Vitamins, Minerals and Folic acid and is a good source of iron for anaemic patients.
Button Mushroom is very rich in the content of protein and fiber as a constituent and are very low in carbohydrates and fats. Also, button mushroom are made of water of about 80% - 90% hence have been the best food alternative to people with obesity. This rich fiber and vitamin B helps to force a healthy metabolism of the body and prevents migraines, headaches, provides strengthening of veins, relaxation of tendons i.e. basically replenishing the body structure
Similarly, most of the equipment for cultivation of mushrooms is only available at the level of village, As well as cheaper, Any farmer / person if you wanted to cultivate this type of mushroom material The following equipment is required.
The use of casing soil is mandatory for growing Button Mushrooms. As the fungus of compost spreads completely, it is covered with a layer of casing soil. A 1.5 inch thick layer of casing soil plays an important role in converting the fungus into a pin and grow the pin further. The casing soil helps to start the process of growing the pinhead. There should not be any edible ingredient (Sugar etc.)in the casing soil for the pinhead to grow. If the animal dung used as fertilizer is not filtered, fungus spreads in the casing soil without turning into a pin.
The casing soil must have the capacity to absorb maximum water. In the process of growing mushroom, the water requirement is fulfilled from the casing soil. If the casing soil cannot absorb the water, the water sprinkled on the bed reaches the compost which will heavily harm the production of mushroom. The air circulation to the lower level of casing till the fungus of mushroom depends on the casing soil. It is the job of casing soil to protect the fungus of compost from water flow, the thrust of dry air and insects/pests.
On the whole the production and quality of mushroom depends much on the casing soil.
The qualities of casing soil mentioned below are important:-
In foreign countries, different objects are used in casing soil to grow mushrooms. “Pot” soil is the most important among these. “Pot” is relic of moss found near the lakes. Pot has the capacity of absorbing three times of water to its own weight. That means that 1 kg of pot soil after fully soaked in water becomes 4 kgs. in weight. Because of this special quality of pot soil, there is no need to sprinkle water again and again. In India also this pot soil can be found near some lakes of Kashmir. But no efforts are made in this direction. Here most of the mushroom growers prepare prescribed fertilizers by mixing soils.
Fertilizer made from old animal dung:
1 | Wheat straw | 1000 kgs |
2 | Bran | 200 kgs |
3 | Urea | 20 kgs |
4 | Murat of Potash | 5 kgs |
5 | Single super Phosphate | 5 kgs |
6 | Cotton seeds sediments | 60 kgs |
7 | Gypsum (At the time of third shuffle) | 35 kgs |
The amount of bran can be reduced to 100 kgs from 200 kgs. To compensate this deficiency, increase the amount of cotton seeds sediments from 60 kgs to 110 kgs.
The amount of Gypsum being 35 kgs is enough. Take care that the Gypsum is pure and carries no moisture.
Time Schedule | Process | Temperature of heap(In degrees C) |
---|---|---|
Day 4,3,2,1 (first) | Wet the straw and mix the material | |
Next day | Prepare the heap | |
Day 3 | First shuffle | 70 - 75 |
Day 6 | Second shuffle | 70 - 75 |
Day 9 | Third shuffle | 70 - 75 |
Day 12 | Fourth shuffle | 65 - 70 |
Day 15 | Fifth shuffle | 60 - 65 |
Day 18 | Sixth shuffle | 55 - 60 |
Day 21 | Seventh shuffle (if needed) | 50 - 55 |
Day 24 | Check the compost in the heap. If it is Ready spread it on the bed to cool | 45 - 55 |
Capacity Of the unit | Number of bags | Fixed expenses In Rs | Current capital expenses (In Rs) | Cost of total project | Production of one batch | Production of one year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 kgs | 1050 | 7,50,000/- | 2,64,750/- | 10,14,750/- | 3,500 kgs | 17,500 kgs |
200 kgs | 2000 | 19,60,000/- | 4,01,500/- | 23,61,500/- | 7,000 kgs | 35,000 kgs |
500 kgs | 2400/4800 | 33,40,000/- | 7,26,000/- | 40,66,000/- | 17,500 kgs | 87,500 kgs |
1000 kgs | 2400/9600 | 62,24,000/- | 9,35,500/- | 71,59,500/- | 35,000 kgs | 1,75,000 kgs |
Shed of 16 x 25 ft, height 15 ft (400 ft)
1 | Refrigeration | 2,50,000/- | In rupees |
2 | Roof panel | 3,00,000/- | Fixed expenses |
3 | Racks | 1,00,000/- | |
4 | e-bill | 7,000/- | |
5 | Fertilizers (11,550 kgs) | 1,72,250/- | |
6 | Spone (seeds) 80 kgs | 12,000/- | Current expenses |
7 | Water tank 1 | 2,500/- | |
8 | Staff | 20,000/- | |
Total | 10,14,750/- |
Shed of 24 x 25 ft, height 17 ft (1080 ft)
1 | Refrigeration | 6,80,000/- | In rupees |
2 | Roof panel | 10,20,000/- | Fixed expenses |
3 | Racks | 2,60,000/- | |
4 | e-bill | 15,000/- | |
5 | Fertilizers (11,550 kgs) | 3,40,000/- | |
6 | Spone (seeds) 80 kgs | 24,000/- | Current expenses |
7 | Water tank 1 | 2,500/- | |
8 | Staff | 20,000/- | |
Total | 23,61,500/- |
24 x 45 ft shed, height 17 ft (1080 ft) 2 rooms
1 | Refrigeration | 12,60,000/- | In rupees |
2 | Roof panel | 15,60,000/- | Fixed expenses |
3 | Racks | 5,20,000/- | |
4 | e-bill | 25,000/- | |
5 | Fertilizers (11,550 kgs) | 6,00,000/- | |
6 | Spone (seeds) 80 kgs | 48,000/- | Current expenses |
7 | Water tank 1 | 2,000/- | |
8 | Staff | 50,000/- | |
Total | 40,66,000/- |
24 x 50 ft shed height 17 ft (1200ft) 4 rooms
1 | Refrigeration | 26,00,000/- | In rupees |
2 | Roof panel | 26,00,000/- | Fixed expenses |
3 | Racks | 10,24,000/- | |
4 | e-bill | 35,000/- | |
5 | Fertilizers (11,550 kgs) | 7,00,000/- | |
6 | Spone (seeds) 80 kgs | 96,000/- | Current expenses |
7 | Water tank 1 | 4,500/- | |
8 | Staff | 1,00,000/- | |
Total | 71,59,500/- |